Which of the following can decrease the fertility of the soil in the farm causing crop shortage?

Answer: D. A and B

A. Acid rain: Acid rain lowers the pH of the soil, making it more acidic. This process leaches essential nutrients like calcium and magnesium away from plant roots and can release toxic aluminum into the soil, which harms crops.
B. Soil erosion: This is the physical removal of the top fertile layer of soil by wind or water. Since the topsoil contains the highest concentration of organic matter and nutrients, its loss directly reduces fertility and crop yields.

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