What is the fundamental physical phenomenon behind how a solar photovoltaic (PV) cell converts sunlight directly into electrical energy?

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A Thermionic Emission
B Photovoltaic Effect
C Electromagnetic Induction
D Seebeck Effect

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Answer: B. Photovoltaic Effect

• Answer: B
• Explanation: The photovoltaic effect is a process where a semiconductor material (like silicon) absorbs photons of light, exciting electrons from their atomic bonds and creating an electric current. Electromagnetic induction is used in mechanical generators (like wind or hydro turbines), not solar panels.

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What is the fundamental physical phenomenon behind how a solar photovoltaic (PV) cell converts sunlight directly into electrical energy?

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