To safely execute operating system commands from within a Python script without opening a vulnerable system shell, which module and practice should be used?

Answer: B. subprocess module with shell=False and arguments passed as a list.

Answer: B) subprocess module with shell=False and arguments passed as a list.
Explanation: The subprocess module is the modern standard for executing external processes. By setting shell=False and passing commands as an explicit list (e.g., ["ping", "-c", "1", ip]), Python interacts directly with the operating system API. This ensures user input is strictly treated as a literal argument, never as executable code.

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