1. If you subtract the Roman numeral XV from XL, what Roman numeral do you get?
a) XXV
b) XX
c) XXV
d) XXVII
Answer: a)
Explanation: We know that X = 10, V = 5 and L = 50.
So, XV = 10 + 5 =15 and XL = 50 - 10 = 40
XL - XV = 40 - 15 = 25
Now, 25 = 20 + 5 = XXV
Roman numeral for 25 is XXV.
2. A monument has its year of completion marked as "MCMXCVIII". Which year was the monument completed?
a) 1898
b) 1998
c) 1798
d) 1988
Answer: b)
Explanation: We know that M = 1000, C = 100, X = 10 and V = 5.
Now we can easily convert a given Roman numeral to an Arabic numeral.
MCMXCVIII = M + (M - C) + (C - X) + V + I + I + I
= 1000 + (1000 - 100) + (100 - 10) + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 1998.
Hence, the monument was completed in 1998.
3. A movie theatre has row numbers written in Roman numerals. If Alex is sitting in row XVII and his friend is sitting two rows ahead of you, in which row is his friend sitting?
a) XIX
b) XV
c) XVIII
d) XVI
Answer: a)
Explanation: Row number at which Alex is sitting = XVII
= X + V + I + I
= 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 17
Row number at which his friend is sitting = 17 + 2 = 19 = XIX
4. A historical book has chapters numbered in Roman numerals. If Chapter XXI discusses the Roman Empire and Chapter XXV discusses the Middle Ages, how many chapters are between these two topics?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Answer: b)
Explanation: The chapter which discusses the Roman Empire = XXI
= 10 + 10 + 1 = 21
The chapter which discusses the Middle Ages = XXV
= 10 + 10 + 5 = 25
Difference between the two chapters = 25 - 21 = 4
5. An antique clock uses Roman numerals to display time. If the current time is IX hours past noon, what time is it in the 24-hour format?
a) 4 PM
b) 09:00
c) 19:00
d) 21:00
Answer: d)
Explanation: IX (9) hours past noon (12:00) is 12 + 9 = 21:00 in the 24-hour format.
6. A building lists its apartments in Roman numerals. If the apartment before XXIX is vacant, what is the number of the vacant apartment?
a) XXVI
b) XVIII
c) XXVIII
d) XXX
Answer: c)
Explanation: XXIX in Arabic numerals:
XXIX = X + X + (X - I)
= 10 + 10 + (10 - 1) = 29
The apartment before XXIX (29) is XXVIII (28).
7. A historical event was recorded in the year MCMLXXVI. If another event occurred 30 years later, what year was that?
a) MMXV
b) MMVI
c) MCMLXXXIV
d) MMXVI
Answer: b)
Explanation: MCMLXXVI = M + (M - C) + L + X + X + V + I
= 1000 + 1000 - 100 + 50 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 = 1976
Now, MCMLXXVI (1976) + 30 years = 2006, which is MMVI in Roman numerals.
8. If a book is numbered from M to MMCMXCVII, how many pages does the book have?
a) 1998
b) 1995
c) 1900
d) 2000
Answer: a)
Explanation: Converting the given Roman numerals to Arabic numerals:
M = 1000
MMCMXCVII = M + M + (M - C) + (C - X) + V + I + I
= 1000 + 1000 + (1000 - 100) + (100 - 10) + 5 + 1 + 1
= 2997
Therefore, the first page is numbered M (1000) and the last page is numbered MMCMXCVII (2997).
Total number of pages = Last page number − First page number + 1
= 2997 − 1000 + 1
= 1998
9. A calendar shows a period from DCCCXLVIII to MCMXIII. What is the Roman numeral for the number of years between these two dates?
a) MXLV
b) MLXV
c) MCLXV
d) MCCLXV
Answer: b)
Explanation: Converting the given Roman numerals to Arabic numerals:
DCCCXLVIII = D + C + C + C + (L - X) + V + I + I + I
= 500 + 100 +100 + 100 + (50 - 10) + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1
= 848
MCMXIII = M + (M - C) + X + I + I + I
= 1000 + (1000 - 100) + 10 + 1 + 1 + 1 =1913
The number of years = 1913 - 848 = 1065
Converting 1065 to Roman numerals:
1065 = 1000 (M) + 60 (LX) + 5 (V) = MLXV
10. Match each Roman numeral from Column A with its correct Arabic numeral from Column B.
| 1. MMDCCCLXXXVIII |
a) 1624 |
| 2. CCLXV |
b) 3448 |
| 3. MDCXXIV |
c) 2888 |
| 4. DLXV |
d) 265 |
| 5. MMMCDXLVIII |
e) 565 |
a) 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - e, 4 - a, 5 - b
b) 1 - d, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - e, 5 - b
c) 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - b, 5 - e
d) 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4 - e, 5 - b
Answer: d)
Explanation: Converting the above Roman numerals into Arabic numerals:
MMDCCCLXXXVIII = M + M + D + C + C + C + L + X + X + X + V + I + I + I
= 1000 + 1000 + 500 + 100 + 100 + 100 + 50 + 10 + 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 2888
CCLXV = C + C + L + X + V
= 100 + 100 + 50 + 10 + 5
= 265
MDCXXIV = M + D + C + X + X + (V - I)
= 1000 + 500 + 100 + 10 + 10 + 5 - 1
= 1624
DLXV = D + L + X + V
= 500 + 50 + 10 + 5
= 565
MMMCDXLVIII = M + M + M + (D - C) + (L - X) + V + I + I + I
= 1000 + 1000 + 1000 + (500 - 100) + (50 - 10) + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1
= 3448
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