Conjunction for Class 10

What are Conjunctions?

Conjunctions are words that connect or join different parts of a sentence, such as words, phrases or clauses. They are important for creating smooth and coherent sentences by indicating the relationship between the connected elements.

Conjunctions allow to form complex, elegant sentences and avoid the choppiness of multiple short sentences. It makes sure that the phrases are joined parallelly (share the same structure.)

Types of Conjunctions

Conjunctions are classified into different types based on their functions.

1. Coordinate Conjunction

Coordinate conjunctions are words that connect words, phrases or clauses of equal importance. They are used to join elements that are similar in structure or function within a sentence.

The most common coordinate conjunctions are often remembered using the acronym "FANBOYS," which stands for:

Examples:

For: Indicates a reason or cause.

Example: The rain poured relentlessly, for the dark clouds gathered overhead and the thunder roared in the distance.

And: Adds one thing to another.

Example: The scientist conducted extensive research on climate change, and her findings were published in a prestigious scientific journal.

Nor: Connects alternatives expressing negation.

Example: The storm not only disrupted the power supply but nor did it also spared the communication networks.

But: Connects contrasting ideas or clauses.

Example: The film received critical acclaim for its brilliant acting and cinematography, but it failed to attract a large audience due to its complex plot.

Or: Presents an alternative or a choice.

Example: The detective needed to determine whether the suspect was at the crime scene during the incident or had a credible alibi.

Yet: Indicates contrast or contradiction.

Example: Although he studied diligently for the exam, yet he couldn't manage to score well due to unforeseen circumstances.

So: Shows a consequence or result.

Example: The chef carefully selected fresh ingredients, so the dish was not only delicious but also visually appealing.

Kye points to remember:

→ Put a comma before the coordinating conjunction when it is used to connect two independent clauses.
→ A clause is a group of words that contain a subject and a verb.
→ An independent clause (or main clause) expresses a complete thought. It can stand alone as a sentence.

2. Subordinate Conjunction

Subordinate conjunctions are a type of conjunction that introduces a subordinate (dependent) clause. A subordinate clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence; it depends on the main clause to give it meaning. It can signal a cause-and-effect relationship, a contrast, or some other kind of relationship between the clauses.

Examples:

→ Although the movie received mixed reviews, many people enjoyed its unique storyline.
→ Since she had studied diligently for weeks, she confidently aced the final exam.
→ Whenever the temperature drops, the thermostat automatically adjusts to maintain a comfortable indoor environment.
→ The team successfully completed the challenging project ahead of schedule because they worked together seamlessly.
→ While the teacher explained the complex concept, the students took detailed notes to ensure a better understanding.
→ As the Sun set behind the mountains, the sky was painted with vibrant hues of orange and pink.
→ Though he was exhausted after the marathon, the runner felt a sense of accomplishment and pride.
→ Whenever the alarm rings, the dog barks loudly, alerting the entire household.
→ She couldn't put it down until she finished the last page, since the book was captivating.
→ Mary decided to read a book rather than watch television, as she found the world of literature more captivating than the passive entertainment offered by the screen.
→ Jonas continued to pursue his passion for painting, even though he faced criticism from his peers.
→ Supposing that the project is completed on time, we expect significant financial benefits for the company.

Key points to remember:

→ The subordinating conjunction doesn't need to go in the middle of the sentence.
→ It has to be part of the dependent clause, but the dependent clause can come before the independent clause.

3. Correlative Conjunction

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together to connect similar elements within a sentence. These conjunctions always appear in pairs and join elements that are equal in grammatical structure.

Examples: 

→ Not only did she excel in academics, but she also demonstrated exceptional leadership skills during the school's science fair.
→ Whether you choose the red or the blue shirt, ensure that it complements the overall theme of the party.
→ The more he studied, the less anxious he felt about the upcoming exam.
→ Neither the stormy weather nor the unexpected power outage could dampen the spirits of the adventurous group of hikers.
→ Though she had studied diligently, yet her performance in the final exam did not reflect her true potential.
→ No sooner did the bell ring than the students rushed out of the classroom, eager to enjoy their lunch break.
→ As both the morning and afternoon sessions were equally engaging, the conference proved to be a valuable learning experience for the attendees.
→ Whether in times of success or failure, true friends stand by you, offering support and encouragement.
→ The harder they worked on the project, the more satisfied they felt with the outcome.
→ Either you complete the assignment today, or you risk facing the consequences of a late submission tomorrow.
→ I was afraid to open the door lest he should follow me to it.

Rules to Remember

→ The conjunction so....as / as....as is used to make a comparison between two persons and things. So…….as is used in negative sentences. As…….as is used in both affirmative and negative sentences.
→ Until is time-oriented and unless is action-oriented. Until and unless are negative words. Hence, we do not use negative words like not, never, no, etc. with them.
→ In affirmative sentences doubt and doubtful are followed by if/ whether. In negative or interrogative sentences doubt and doubtful are followed by that.
→ Although/ though is followed by yet or a comma (,).
→ The position of conjunctions should always be correct.
→ If and when are not followed by "then"
→ Since, because and as are not followed by "so".