Conjunction for Class 9

What are Conjunctions?

Conjunctions are words that connect or join different parts of a sentence. They help to establish relationships between words, phrases or clauses.

Types of Conjunctions

Broadly, conjunctions are categorised into three categories:

1. Coordinate Conjunctions

This type of conjunction connects words, phrases or independent clauses of equal grammatical rank. The acronym FANBOYS is often used to refer to coordinating conjunctions.

Examples:

→ For: Maria studied diligently for her exams, and her efforts paid off when she achieved the highest score in the class.
→ And: He worked hard on his project because he wanted to impress his teacher and he succeeded in earning the highest grade in the class.
→ Nor: The team neither underestimated their opponent's skills nor overestimated their abilities during the intense competition.
→ But: James had a hectic schedule, but he managed to complete all his assignments and attend every extracurricular activity with enthusiasm.
→ Or: Daniel would rather have a science book or sci-fi than a mystery. 
→ Yet: The weather was unpredictable, yet the hikers continued their journey through the challenging terrain without hesitation.
→ So: The experiment yielded unexpected results, so the researchers revised their hypothesis and conducted additional tests to validate their findings.

2. Subordinate Conjunctions

This type of conjunction connects independent clauses with dependent clauses, making one clause subordinate to the other.

Common Subordinating Clauses

Examples:

→ Although the weather was unpredictable, the students decided to go on a field trip to explore the biodiversity of the rainforest.

→ Since the power outage occurred unexpectedly, the entire neighbourhood was plunged into darkness, causing inconvenience to residents.

→ While the scientists were conducting experiments in the laboratory, they made a groundbreaking discovery that could revolutionise the field of medicine.

→ Because the students had diligently prepared for the exam, they felt confident and well-prepared when they entered the examination hall.

→ After the storm passed, the residents began the challenging task of rebuilding their homes, demonstrating resilience in the face of adversity.

→ Despite facing numerous obstacles, the team persevered and completed the project ahead of schedule.

→ As the Sun began to set, casting a warm glow over the landscape, the travellers set up camp and shared stories around the flickering campfire.

→ Even if the movies are closed, we could still go to the mall and do shopping for our next trip.

3. Correlative Conjunctions

This type of conjunction is used in pairs to connect words, phrases, or clauses with equal grammatical weight.

Examples:

→ Both the students who excelled in mathematics and those who demonstrated proficiency in literature were awarded scholarships.
→ Neither the rain nor the thunderstorm could dampen the spirits of the enthusiastic crowd gathered for the outdoor concert.
→ Not only did the diligent scientist conduct extensive research, but he also presented his findings at an international conference.
→ Whether you choose to participate actively in the discussion or prefer to observe quietly from the sidelines, your input is valued in this classroom.
→ Either you must complete the assigned project by the deadline, or you will face consequences for failing to meet the expectations.
→ To alleviate stress, you should not only identify the stressors but also find ways of coping with them.
→ No sooner had the final bell rung than students rushed out of the classrooms, eager to enjoy the freedom of the weekend, but they were reminded to submit their homework assignments on Monday.

Important Rules of Conjunctions

→ Conjunctions such as either…..or, neither……nor, else, or, otherwise are used when we have to choose one out of two.
→ Until is time-oriented and unless is action-oriented. Until and unless are negative words. Hence, we do not use negative words like not, never and no with them.
→ But, yet, still, only, however, nevertheless, while, whereas, etc. are known as adversative conjunctions and are used to connect nouns or pronouns that are opposite to each other. 
→ Although/ though is followed by yet or a comma (,).
→ The position of conjunctions should always be correct.
→ "If" and "when" are not followed by "then".
→ Since, because and as are not followed by "so".

Uses of Compound Conjunctions

Compound conjunctions are used to connect two or more independent clauses or sentences. They help to show the relationship between these clauses or sentences, indicating whether the ideas expressed are contrasting, similar or sequential.

Some common uses are the following:

In order to: In order to understand the intricate dynamics of historical events students must engage in comprehensive research and analyze primary sources.

On condition that: On condition that the students diligently complete their assignments they may be granted the opportunity to showcase their creativity at the end of the semester.

Even if: Even if the storm intensifies and the rain continues to pour, our determined group of hikers will persist on their challenging trek.

So that: The students studied diligently for their exams so that they could perform exceptionally well and achieve high grades in the upcoming assessments.

Provided that: Students can use electronic devices during the exam, provided that they adhere to the established guidelines and ensure that the devices do not have any communication capabilities.

As if: As if the mysterious fog enveloped the ancient forest, the adventurous group pressed on, determined to unveil the secrets hidden within the eerie atmosphere that surrounded them.