Solute, Solvent, and Solution - Class 4 Notes

Solute, Solvent and Solution

Solute

When we mix things together, sometimes one thing dissolves in another. The thing that dissolves is called the solute. For example, when we mix sugar or salt in water, the sugar or salt is the solute.

Solvent

The liquid that does the dissolving is called the solvent. In the above example, water is the solvent because it dissolves the sugar or salt. Water is often called the universal solvent because it can dissolve many things.

Solution

When the solute and solvent are mixed together, they form a solution. It's like when we make lemonade by mixing lemon juice (the solute) with water (the solvent). The lemonade we get is the solution.

Difference between Solute and Solvent

Factors that Affect Making a Solution

These are some of the things that affect how quickly a solute dissolves in a solvent.

1. Stirring: When we stir a solute in a solvent, it helps the solute dissolve faster. It's like mixing things together with a spoon to make them blend well.

2. Heating: When we heat a solution, it also helps the solute dissolve faster.

For example, when hot coffee is poured over sugar, the heat of the coffee helps break down the sugar crystals, causing them to dissolve quickly and sweeten the beverage.

3. Increasing Quantity: If we add more solvent to the mixture, it can help the solute dissolve faster. It's like having more water in a glass to dissolve more sugar.

4. Breaking into smaller pieces: If we break the solute into smaller pieces, like crushing a candy into little bits, it will dissolve faster in the solvent. It's easier for the tiny pieces to mix with the liquid.

Soluble and Insoluble Substances

Substances can be categorised into two groups based on their ability to dissolve in water: Soluble substances and insoluble substances.